This is called phrase searching, and you can find out more about this on our Top Search Tips page. * In this search we have kept the phrases "social media" and "fake news" together by putting them in quotation marks. Boolean operators (AND OR NOT) can be useful when using Advanced Search of Library Search, and when searching specific databases or the internet. This method describes how single-line search strategies can be prepared in a text document by typing search syntax (such as field codes, parentheses, and Boolean operators) before copying. The results numbers given are from a search in the database Web of Science. The authors have established a method that describes step by step the process of developing a systematic search strategy as needed in the systematic review. We can search for "social media" OR "fake news" AND elections* and, depending where we use parentheses, we can get very different results. We are searching for social media or fake news in relation to elections. Use parentheses around your synonyms, alternatives or related terms combined with OR to keep them together. So, any keywords linked with AND will be processed first, before those with OR. If you are using a combination of AND and OR, use parentheses (brackets) to group your keywords together to make sure they are processed in the correct order. Particularly when you are building complex searches with multiple keywords and Boolean operators, you will need to be careful so that you can get the results you want.ĭatabases will usually process Boolean operators in order, with AND first. Boolean operators are the bones of any good literature search. Boolean searching allows you to combine keywords with operators, such as AND, OR, NOT, to produce more. Research Basics: Using Boolean Operators to Build a Search. Rerun the original search strategy and add an entry date filter. In its most simple use, library databases are searched. Import the results into your citation manager, and remove all articles duplicated from the original set of search results. Boolean Operators ( AND, OR, NOT) are commands used to make your search strategy more concise. If you are using the Boolean search screen, you must post qualify each term with a field designation that must be enclosed in square brackets. Field Designations MUST be in Square Brackets. Rerun the original search strategy without making any changes. A search formulation may contain both symbols and words to represent the Boolean operators, e.g., x & y OR z. When combining your search terms, be aware of your search order. Understanding search techniques Boolean operators. Rerun the original search strategy without any changes.
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